Allow me to be radical for a moment, and reduce the art of fiction to three basic story elements. Take a gander at your bookshelf, maybe even pull a couple titles, and see if you can’t pick out the common threads. (Presumably, your personal library of favorites doesn’t contain any shoddy writing or weak themes, blatant symbolism, or wooden dialogue, so we’ll just take those necessities for granted.)

The three story elements I want to focus on are relationships, action, and humor. I grabbed three books off my shelves: The Long Roll by Mary Johnston, H.M.S. Surprise by Patrick O’Brian, and Firebird by Kathy Tyers (affiliate links) This is a pretty random selection that contains a little of everything: authors of both genders, two semi-classics, publication dates ranging from 1911 to 1999, and genres as varied as historical and science fiction. But the three things we’re guaranteed to find in common are—you guessed it—relationships, action and humor.

Story Element #1: Humor

Let’s begin with humor, since it’s arguably the least important in our triad of essentials. Although I say least, that certainly doesn’t negate its importance. Humor not only possesses the power to entertain the reader and endear him to the characters, it is also vital in balancing the darker elements we often find in serious fictional situations. In his “A Letter to a Young Talented Writer,” playwright and short story writer William Saroyan wrote,

…remember that in the midst of that which is most tragic, there is always the comic….

Two of my selected books—The Long Roll and Firebird—are both dark, wrenching stories. But the moments of lightheartedness always bring a powerful contrast. Patrick O’Brian, a master of irony and understatement, wrote of war and the nature of man, but it was his incisive wit and his nonchalant humor that lifted his stories above the sordidness of life on the sea during the Napoleonic Wars and in some instances elevated them to philosophical brilliance.

Story Element #2: Action

Conflict is story. Certainly, many stories—lauded classics, even—have been written in which little to no visible action takes place on the page. But the best stories, the enduring stories, are always about conflict. And conflict translates into action. Action—whether it’s the stunning space battles in the work of Orson Scott Card or the subtle machinations and maneuverings of George Eliot’s society set—are the cogs inside the clockwork of a story. Action moves the story forward, inexorably, across the thematic arc to an inevitable conclusion.

The Long Roll is the first installment in Mary Johnston’s epic American Civil War duology. It is ultimately a biography of the war that forever changed the United States of America, and, as such, individual characters take a backseat to the terrifying scope of a nation at war. In crisp prose, Johnston hypnotizes the reader with the desperate ebb and flow of battle, the surge of individual conflict, and the heat of dreams bleeding away on a churned-up battlefield. More even than in most novels, action is Johnston’s story, and she drives the conflict home with staggering and gripping force.

Relationships

Finally, we come to what is arguably the single most important element of storytelling. If stories are a reflection of the human experience, and if the human experience boils down to the interaction between people, we should find relationships at the heart of all fiction. Whether it’s the romantic connection between a man and a woman (Austen’s Pride & Prejudice), varying familial relationships (Alcott’s Little Women, Dickens’s Dombey & Son, Dostoevsky’s The Adolescent), or the ever-evolving status of friendship (O’Brian’s Aubrey/Maturin series, Conan Doyle’s Sherlock Holmes stories, Charlotte Brontë’s Shirley), relationships, or occasionally the lack thereof, form the basis of every story. (affiliate links)

In her Firebird trilogy, Kathy Tyers follows the threads of several relationships, including the courtship and marriage of Brennan Caldwell and Firebird Angelo and the strained and even violent relations between Firebird and her estranged family. Through the contrast in these relationships and through the anguish of loss that is found only in powerful personal connections, Tyers is able to weave a story of both deep heartbreak and deeper victory.

The amount to which each of these three elements is found in any given book will vary, of course. Some books are able to bring humor to the foreground, others push relationships to the back burner to indulge the action. But, ultimately, these three things are what keep readers turning those pages.

Wordplayers, tell me your opinions! How do these three story elements manifest in your work-in-progress? Tell me in the comments!